About the Author

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Renate Pieper is Professor at the University of Graz, Austria. Her main fields of research are early modern economic and cultural history, the Spanish Empire and its European connections, especially cultural exchange, communication media and networks, mining, prices and state financesClaudia de Lozanne Jefferies is Senior Lecturer in Economics at City University of London, UK. Her main fields of research are monetary and financial history. Markus Denzel is Professor and Chair of Social and Economic History at the University of Leipzig, Germany. His main fields of research are international payments, the role of money and bills, and currency history.